Navigating Nepal–India Economic Ties During an Uncertain Era examines the evolving economic relationship between Nepal and India amid shifting global trade dynamics and geopolitical uncertainty. The paper analyzes bilateral trade, investment flows, and institutional frameworks that have shaped this partnership over decades, highlighting persistent challenges such as trade deficits, non-tariff barriers, and supply-side constraints in Nepal. It also identifies emerging opportunities in sectors like hydropower, manufacturing, services, and regional connectivity. By offering evidence-based analysis and policy recommendations, the study provides insights into how Nepal can recalibrate its economic engagement with India to build resilience, competitiveness, and mutually beneficial growth.